History of AI
Imagining Artificial Intelligence
- 1943: Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts publish a paper on neural networks, laying the groundwork for AI by proposing a model of artificial neurons.
- 1950: Alan Turing introduces the Turing Test in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," suggesting a criterion of intelligence for machines.
AI was coined
John McCarthy coins the term "Artificial Intelligence" at the Dartmouth Conference, marking the official birth of AI as a distinct field of study. The conference brings together key figures like Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. Simon
Robots are introduced
- 1961: Unimate, the first industrial robot, is introduced and used in General Motors' assembly line.
- 1965: Joseph Weizenbaum creates ELIZA, an early natural language processing program that simulates conversation, demonstrating the potential for human-computer interaction.
- 1966: The Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC) report concludes that machine translation is impractical, leading to reduced funding for AI research in the US.
Reduced Funding
- 1970s: AI research faces a period of reduced funding and interest due to unmet expectations and the realization of the complexity of AI problems, leading to what is known as the "AI Winter."